Process of converting solidified oils into a soluble oil.



UNITED STATES fatented August 25,1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

PROCESS OF CONVERTING SOLIDIFIED OILS INTO A SOLUBLE OIL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 737,249, dated August25, 1903,

Application filed July 9, 1901. Serial No. 67.638. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM KRONSTEIN, chemist and doctor of philosophy,and a subject of the Emperor of Austria, residing at 95 Kriegsstrasse,in the city of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, German Em ire,have invented a certain new and useful rocess of Converting SolidifiedOils into a Soluble Oil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to the manufacture of a soluble oil fromthesolid bodies obtained from drying-oils,from Chinese woodoil ortung-oil, (the oil of Elceococca oernz'cia or Alenrites cordaica) fromoil like artificial esters of unsaturated organic fatty acids, such asallyl cinnamate and mixtures of any of these bodies, and with resins.Such substances when heated up to a high temperature at the exclusion ofoxygen and decomposition solidify and decrease in solubility. In somecases the products obtained are entirely insoluble in the ordinarysolvents. If such insoluble bodies obtained are heated to a temperatureof about 180 centigrade or above, and preferably by applying the flamedirectly to the vessel in which these substances are contained, theymelt and are converted into a liquid, the thick oils thus obtained beingsoluble in oil of turpentine, benzol, oil of camphor, and the like. Theydiffer from the thick viscid oils known heretofore in their property ofproducing varnishes and lacquers of improved drying qualities by theaddition of but very small quantities of so-called driers or oxidizersas oxid of lead, borate of manganese, and the like-and they are moreoverdistinguished by their being free from the nasty pungent odor of theoils hitherto employed in varnishmaking. The property shown by the oilsobtained by my process of being easily converted into varnishes is somarked and characteristic that it mayserve as ameans to determine thenature of a particular oil or as an indication of the process ofmanufacture by which a particular lacquer has been obtained by thecomparative decrease in the time required for drying which the newproducts exhibit. It is essential in my process, however, that the thickoil obtained thereby be exposed to the melting-heat for a limited timeonly, inasmuch as otherwise very essential changes will take place inthematerial which are indicated by the evolution of very pungent gaseswhich act as irritants upon the eyes and the mucous membranes. It istherefore essential that the oil as soon as obtained be rapidlywithdrawn from the action of the high temperatures. either by Workingwith small quantities only at a time or by so conducting the meltingoperation that asosoon as the melting operation hasset in the oilproduced can flow off immediately.

The change or decomposition produced by too prolonged heating. may alsobe obviated by melting the solidified oils above referred to in presenceof resins, the amount of which is regulated according to the nature ofthe resin employed. It has been found that the decomposition during andafter the melting process may be prevented by adding resins to thesolidified oil in such a quantity which when added to the ordinary oilin its original unchanged condition willprevent the solidification ofthe same, whichwould otherwise take place when the original oil isheateddto about 180 to 240 centigrade. Thus, for instance, of resin orof asphaltum about thirty per cent. should be added, of dammar aboutThis is accomplished.

sixty per cent., While of amber an addition of fifty per cent. and ofgum-copal of seventy per cent. is necessary to overcome the tendency ofthe solidified oil-to decompose during the remelting process. Ifmixtures of difier- 'ent kinds of resin are used, the proportion to 'beadded will of course vary in accordance with the nature of theconstituents ofuthe mixtures.

If an addition of resin has already been used in the previoussolidification process of the ordinary original oil, the quantity ofresin still to be added to overcome decomposition during the meltingprocess should be correspondingly decreased. The color of the oil whichis thus obtained by remelting the intermediate solidified and insolubleoil deat which the remelting process was started was approaching that atwhich the previous solidification set in. The melting-points of theintermediate solidified products vary according to the difference in rawmaterial from which such solid bodies are obtained at differenttemperatures.

By submitting vegetable drying-oils or the above-mentioned oily productsto a process of solidification and subsequent remelting the propertiesof the oil have been entirely changed by this treatment. Of raw materialto which my process may be applied, I may mention Chinese wood-oil (theoil of Elwococca oerm'cict) and its mixtures with dryingoils. Thus I mayproceed as follows for carrying out my invention:

Example 1: Two hundred pounds ofa mixture of fifty per cent. Chinesewood-oil (Elwococcct oerm'cia) and fifty per cent. linseed-oil are firstsolidified by heating the mixture to 200 to 240 Centigrade, the heatingbeing interrupted as soon as solidification sets in, the product forminga jelly-like mass. The latter is then heated up to 250 centigrade bydirect application of the flame, and the temperature is then raised toabout 290 centi grade. During the melting process care should be takento have the oil run oif immediately as soon as it is formed.

Example 2: Sixty pounds of resin are melted and then heated up to about250 centigrade. Then about one hundred and forty pounds of any desiredwholly or partially solidified oil are added, whereupon the temperatureis so far increased as to obtain a clear fusion.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-

1. The process of manufacturing a viscid,

thick oil which is readily acted upon by driers and is soluble in theordinary solvents of resins and oils, the said process consisting infirst heating natural and artificial esters of unsaturated fatty acidsuntil solidification takes place, then increasing the temperature untilthe intermediate solidified body is remelted.

2. The process of manufacturing a viscid thick oil as a raw material forthe action of driers which consists in mixing vegetable fatty oils witha suitable amount of resin, heating the mixture, until solidificationtakes place, then raising the heat and remelting the intermediate,solidified product, substantially as described.

3. The process of manufacturing a viscid thick oil which is readilyacted upon by driers and is soluble in the ordinary solvents of resinsand vegetable oils, the said process consisting in heating natural andartificial esters of unsaturated fatty acids until solidification takesplace, adding and mixing a suitable amount of resin to the solidifiedmass, raising the heat and remelting the product.

4:. The process of manufacturing a viscid thick oil readily susceptibleto the oxidizing action of so-called driers, which consists in heatingunsaturated oily material until solidification takes place, raising theheat and remelting the product, the oil being removed from the action ofthe high temperature as soon as remelted, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ABRAHAM KRONSTEIN.

\Vitnesses:

' Momz SIMON,

JULIUs Hum.

